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61.
In this paper, we numerically study particle formation in the rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) process in a two dimensional, axisymmetric geometry, for a benzoic acid + CO2 system. The fluid is described by the classical Navier–Stokes equation, with the thermodynamic pressure being replaced by a generalized pressure tensor. Homogenous particle nucleation, transport, condensation and coagulation are described by a general dynamic equation, which is solved using the method of moments. The results show that the maximal nucleation rate and number density occurs near the nozzle exit, and particle precipitation inside the nozzle might not be ignored. Particles grow mainly across the shocks. Fluid in the shear layer of the jet shows a relatively low temperature, high nucleation rate, and carries particles with small sizes. On the plate, particles within the jet have smaller average size and higher geometric mean, while particles outside the jet shows a larger average size and a lower geometric mean. Increasing the preexpansion temperature will increase both the average particle size and standard deviation. The preexpansion pressure does not show a monotonic dependency with the average particle size. Increasing the distance between the plate and the nozzle exit might decrease the particle size. For all the cases in this paper, the average particle size on the plate is on the order of tens of nanometers. 相似文献
62.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2014,34(1):63-68
The phase stability and thermophysical properties of InFeO3(ZnO)m (m = 2, 3, 4, 5) compounds were investigated, which are a general family of homologous layered compounds with general formula InFeO3(ZnO)m (m = 1–19). InFeO3(ZnO)m (m = 2, 3, 4, 5) ceramics were synthesized using cold pressing followed by solid-state sintering. They revealed an excellent thermal stability after annealing at 1450 °C for 48 h. No phase transformation occurred during heating to 1400 °C. InFeO3(ZnO)3 exhibited a thermal conductivity of 1.38 W m−1 K−1 at 1000 °C, which is about 30% lower than that of 8 wt.% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) thermal barrier coatings. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of InFeO3(ZnO)m bulk ceramics were in a range of (10.97 ± 0.33) × 10−6 K−1 to (11.46 ± 0.35) × 10−6 K−1 at 900 °C, which are comparable to those of 8YSZ ceramics. 相似文献
63.
Cu metal matrix composite with Y2W3O12 as a thermal expansion compensator was fabricated by high energy ball milling followed by compaction and sintering, and its thermal properties were explored for the potential applications as heat sinks in electronic industries, high precision optics, and space structures. The volume fraction of reinforcement was varied from 40% to 70% in order to tailor the composite for the simultaneous accomplishment of low thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity. The synthesis technique was optimized by varying the parameters like milling time from 1 to 20 h and sintering temperature from 600 to 1000 °C in order to achieve densified composites. The relative density of the composites is found to be around 90% for the 10 h milled powders followed by compaction at a pressure of 700 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 1000 °C. The thermal expansion of the composites exhibits linear behavior in the temperature range 200 to 800 °C and the low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is found to be for Cu–70%Y2W3O12 composite whose value, 4.32±0.75×10−6/°C, matches with that of Si substrate. The thermal conductivities are found to increase with a decrease in the volume fraction of the reinforcement and decrease with an increase in the temperature for all the samples. The experimentally determined CTE and thermal conductivity values are found to be comparable to those predicted by the thermal expansion based Kerner and Turner model and the thermal conductivity based Maxwell model, respectively. 相似文献
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为了提升980 MPa级高强钢局部成形性能,采用万能试验机、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及综合成形试验机等研究了不同退火工艺路径的980 MPa高强钢微观组织和力学性能,并评价了其扩孔及局部成形性能。结果表明,除了有铁素体和马氏体两相外,新型Q&T工艺的组织结构还存在回火马氏体中间相,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为3.14μm和2.62μm,马氏体面积分数为61.0%,而传统工艺下为典型的铁素体及马氏体双相组织,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为4.77μm和2.77μm,马氏体面积分数为35.8%。两种工艺伸长率相差不大,但屈服强度和扩孔率具有明显差异,新型Q&T工艺下获得了更高的屈强比及扩孔性能,得益于其更小铁素体晶粒尺寸及铁素体和马氏体硬度差。传统工艺下真实断裂应变(TFS)与真实均匀应变εu比值为7.0,而新型Q&T工艺下比值为15.2,因此新型Q&T工艺下具有更优异的局部成形特性。 相似文献
67.
Pei‐Fang Li Cheng‐Bo Yi Shu‐Jian Ren Jin Qu 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(13):2088-2092
A divergent approach to generate either 1‐hydroxymethylindenes (which could then be converted to benzofulvenes through a dehydration reaction) or naphthalenes by the rearrangement of cycloprop[2,3]inden‐1‐ols is reported. The effect of the cyclopropyl ring substitution pattern on ring‐opening/expansion rearrangements of the substrates was systemically studied.
68.
Expansion of the branch channel to Salzgitter from SKS‐km 3,550 to 14,918 The branch channel to Salzgitter will be extended to the waterway category Vb in the next years. This will enable inland waterway vessels with a width of 11,45 m and a loaded draft of 2,80 m to run it without limitations. The reaches Wedtlenstedt and Üfingen will be extended in most areas to a trapezoidal cross section with a width at water level of 36,90 m and a water depth of 4,00 m. The exit basins of the locks will be extended on one side. Overall about 1 000 000 m2 of soil will be moved. About 300 000 m2 of clay sealing and 460 000 m2 of rip‐rap will be installed. Three culverts have to be replaced by new constructions to adapt to the new cross section of the channel. In addition two bridges will be modified to allow for a clearance of 5,25 m. At present the plan approval procedure is carried out. It is expected to achieve the plan approval order in 2017. The construction is planned to start in 2018. Completion is scheduled for 2024. 相似文献
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70.
首先对某高速铁路无砟轨道路基上拱问题进行了资料调研,通过现场变形监测、填料取样试验、矿物成分分析等手段,明确了硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良填料膨胀是引起路基上拱主要原因,然后结合化学反应机理和室内模拟试验,对发生此类膨胀变形的反应条件、膨胀变形特征进行了分析。研究结果表明,膨胀变形主要发生在路基水泥改良填料层位,该土层具有大量硫酸盐侵蚀水泥产物钙矾石和硅灰石膏发育的特征,路基上拱与硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良土形成钙矾石和硅灰石膏晶体相关;水泥改良填料中相对潮湿的高PH值碱性环境和石膏等硫酸盐矿物的存在是发生此类膨胀变形的必要条件;硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良填料将发生持续性膨胀变形,上拱持续时间可达数年,破坏性强。本文研究成果可供类似环境下路基工程的建设及相关研究借鉴。 相似文献